Caudal bupivacaine alone versus bupivacaine with ketamine to compare postoperative analgesia

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of caudal bupivacain alone and bupivacaine with ketamine in terms of duration of analgesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Duration and Place: Department of Anaesthesia Quid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from May 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Study was started after approval from local ethical committee a parental consent was obtained after complete information of study. Main outcome variables are duration of analgesia, pain score, Bromage score. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.1. P value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group A was 5.80±2.71 hours and 4.45±0.51 hours, respectively. While, the mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group B was 12.53±2.51 hours and 4.52±0.53 hours, respectively. Statistically significant was observed in duration of analgesia. P value 0.000. Conclusion: Combination of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and bupivacain 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia toa significant range in comparison with bupivacaine 25% of 1 ml/kg alone. Keywords: Caudal block, Spinal anesthesia, Bupivacain, Ketamine, analgesia. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/56-01 Publication date:May 31st 201

Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Clearance of Secretions in Mechanical Ventilated Patients

Objective: to determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients. Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Quid e Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. From January 2018 to June 2019.Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between age 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO2, mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/56-02 Publication date:May 31st 201

Computer vision and IoT research landscape for health and safety management on construction sites

Aims: Perform a systematic review of current literature to evaluate and summarise the health and safety hazards on construction sites. Methods: Science Direct, SCOPUS and web of science databases were searched for research articles published from 2013 to 2021. From an initial search of 350 research articles, we removed the duplicate articles and carried out an analysis of the abstract and full text that focused on health, safety, hazards, behaviour, on-site health and safety and the digital technologies leaving a total of 66 studies included. Results: Computer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) are the dominant technologies for health and safety management. A comparison of the two technologies reveals that computer vision is dominant because of its non-intrusive approach to data collection; thus, supporting the scalability of computer vision approach at the expense of cost and development time. It will help to prevent on-site health and safety hazards and injuries on construction site. Conclusion: Computer vision offers non-intrusive benefits over Internet of Things (IoT); being able to detect the health and safety hazards. Computer vision has proved to be beneficial for better accuracy prediction, real time data monitoring, and model development for onsite health and safety analytics on the construction site

Computer vision and IoT research landscape for health and safety management on construction sites

AimsPerform a systematic review of current literature to evaluate and summarise the health and safety hazards on construction sites.MethodsScience Direct, SCOPUS and web of science databases were searched for research articles published from 2013 to 2021. From an initial search of 350 research articles, we removed the duplicate articles and carried out an analysis of the abstract and full text that focused on health, safety, hazards, behaviour, on-site health and safety and the digital technologies leaving a total of 66 studies included.ResultsComputer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) are the dominant technologies for health and safety management. A comparison of the two technologies reveals that computer vision is dominant because of its non-intrusive approach to data collection; thus, supporting the scalability of computer vision approach at the expense of cost and development time. It will help to prevent on-site health and safety hazards and injuries on construction site.ConclusionComputer vision offers non-intrusive benefits over Internet of Things (IoT); being able to detect the health and safety hazards. Computer vision has proved to be beneficial for better accuracy prediction, real time data monitoring, and model development for onsite health and safety analytics on the construction site

Oxidative stability and quality characteristics of whey protein coated rohu (Labeo rohita) fillets

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.Abstract Background Edible coatings have beneficial effect on quality of fish and act as barrier against moisture transfer and uptake of oxygen. Edible coating made up of biodegradable materials is helpful to control the quality deterioration and enhance the shelf life. Methods The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of whey based protein using two plasticizers i.e. sorbitol and glycerol on oxidative stability and quality characteristics of Rohu (Labeo rohita). Coating solutions were prepared by incorporating whey (8 % protein; w/ w) in distilled water followed addition of sorbitol and glycerol. Dipping method was used to apply coating on fish fillets. The coated fillets were subjected to quality characterictics, pH, color, TBARS, peroxide value, volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and sensory evaluation during 40 days of storage. Results The results showed significant impact on different quality attributes of fish fillets. Highest (TVBN) and TBARS were observed in control samples (T0) (12.60 ± 0.25, mg/100 g, 0.820 ± 0.02 mg MDA/kg) while lowest in T3 coated samples (8.81 ± 0.18 mg/100 g., 0.352 ± 0.01 mg MDA/kg of meat). Moreover, sensorial findings did not showed adverse effects and T3 coated samples were ranked higher by consumers. Conclusion In conclusion, coating fish with Whey: Glycerol: Sorbitol (1:1:1) in current investigation enhances the storage life and quality of fish fillets

COVID-19: Current Developments and Further Opportunities in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Dos imágenes de un trombo en un catéter.Two pictures of a thrombus in a catheter